Pierse & Mary Flahavan, Quintessential 19th Century Irish Peasants — Part II

As mentioned in Part I, Pierse and Mary Flahavan were the parents of five children:

Philip J (my client’s great-grandfather), born Jan 1858, emigrated to Massachusetts in 1880 (who will be the subject of a future blog post);

Catherine, born 1863, emigrated to Massachusetts between 1880 and 1885;

Michael J, born 1864, emigrated to Massachusetts about 1885;

Margaret M, born 1866, emigrated to Massachusetts about 1886;

And probably a daughter named Mary, birth year unknown but before 1864, stayed behind in Ireland.

The four known siblings all emigrated to Massachusetts in the 1880s, beginning with Philip in 1880, who settled in Concord, Massachusetts, while the three other siblings who emigrated settled in Greenfield, Massachusetts. (Perhaps the litany of court cases sheds light on the children’s emigration.)

S.S. City of Chester, the ship that brought Philip J Flahavan to America

After much research, the mystery of what happened to Pierse’s wife (my client’s great-great-grandmother) Mary (Murray) Flahavan has finally been solved. The case is a good example of some of the complexities of genealogical research. Exhaustive research of Irish death records revealed only one death record for the two Mary Flahavans of an appropriate age who lived in that part of County Waterford. That death record was for a Mary Flahavan who died in a lunatic asylum in 1889 at the age of 50, with an indication that the woman may have been from Kilmacthomas, which was a more appropriate match to the other Mary Flahavan.

So, one must finally turn to “outside the box” thinking to determine where my client’s great-great-grandmother Mary died. While her husband Pierse was still in Ireland, four of their children were in Massachusetts (Catherine, Michael and Margaret in Greenfield, and Philip in Concord). Was she there? There was a Mary Flavin living in Greenfield in 1900. Was it her? That Mary is listed as 64 years old (which could be right for the Mary in question) and married (not divorced or widowed). But she doesn’t live with a husband, but rather a 14-year-old grandson named Edward Power. Pierse and Mary’s daughter Catherine married a man named Edward Power, so this boy must be Catherine’s son. These facts (the right age, married but not living with a husband, and the grandson has the right name), taken together prove that it is my client’s great-great-grandmother!

1900 Census Record for Mary Flavin, Greenfield, MA

This is a somewhat shocking revelation, since it was uncommon  for  a  woman to live apart from her husband,  especially internationally,  in that era. (They did not divorce, which would have been very uncommon, but lived on separate continents for their final 15 years.)

With this record, along with Catherine’s death record, the story is revealed: Mary was living near her children in Greenfield. Her daughter Catherine had first married a man named Edward Power, and they had a son named Edward, Jr. The father Edward subsequently died, and Catherine re-married Edward Campbell. Catherine then died, tragically, on 15 April 1900 of “consumption” (tuberculosis) and “Bright’s Disease” (chronic inflammation of the kidneys). When the census was taken on 11 June 1900, less than two months after Catherine’s death, Catherine’s mother Mary was clearly assisting with the care of her 14-year-old grandson, who had by then lost both of his parents, and perhaps did not wish to, or was not welcome to, live with his remaining step-father Edward Campbell.

Catherine Flavin (Flahavan) Death Record

 

1900 Census, Greenfield, MA: Flavin, Mary, Head of household, white, female, birth: unknown month, 1836, age 4, married for 45 years, mother of 5 children, 4 still living, born in Ireland, father born in Ireland, mother born in Ireland, immigrated to U.S. in 1885, resident for 15 years, unable to read, unable to write, speaks English. Power, Edward, Grandson, white, male, birth: unknown month, 1886, age 14, single, born in Mass., father born in Ireland, mother born in Ireland, laborer, machine shop, employed for 10 months of the previous year, able to read, able to write, able to speak English.

A detailed look at the 1900 Census reveals more facts about Mary and her grandson Edward. Mary was born in 1836 and married to Pierse in 1855. She was, at the time of the census, the mother of five children (the four who emigrated, and a child remaining in Ireland, probably a daughter named Mary), four of whom were still living, accounting for the recent death of Catherine. She emigrated in 1885, undoubtedly along with at least one of her children. She was illiterate. Her grandson Edward, age 14, did not attend school and was already working as a laborer in a machine shop. While this was certainly not uncommon during this era, it is worth noting that Edward’s cousin Philip Thomas Flavin (John’s grandfather), son of Catherine’s brother Philip J. Flahavan, was also age 14 in 1900. He was, however, living in Concord with two living parents, attending school, and would go on to become a dentist. Such were the vagaries and varied outcomes that resulted from the “luck of the draw” in an era where parents routinely died while their children were still young.

As for Mary, Pierse’s wife, she died in Greenfield on 10 Dec 1900 at the age of 64 from chronic bronchitis. Her husband is listed as Pierse on her death record, so again, this confirms that the Greenfield Mary Flavin is John’s great-great-grandmother.

Mary Flavin Death Record

Her parents are listed as Michael Morrissey and Margaret Murray. We know from a wealth of other records that her maiden name was Murray, and such information on a death record is only considered indirect evidence, and it would be understandable that whoever reported the death (probably one of her children or grandchildren) confused the last names of her parents. So, one could infer from this record that Mary’s mother’s maiden name was probably Morrissey, but one would want to confirm this with other records. As for the assertion that her father’s name was Michael, that is also suspect. It is known that a Pierce Murray lived in Munmahogue, and that Mary and her husband Pierse lived in Munmahogue after their marriage in 1885. One would assume that Pierce Murray would be Mary’s father, but he could also be a grandfather, an uncle, or another family member old enough to have leased land at the time of Griffith’s Valuation in 1853.

As for Pierse, back in Tramore, he is listed in the 1901 Census of Ireland living alone on Convent Hill in Tramore at the age of 74. He is Roman Catholic, a laborer, married (he was actually widowed by this time, but perhaps he was not yet aware of his wife’s death in Massachusetts in December — they were clearly not close as they had been apart since 1885), born in County Waterford, unable to read or write, but able to speak both Irish and English.

Pierse Flavin Census Record, 1901

Pierse then died on November 29, 1906 at the age of 80 in Tramore of senectus (old age). Mary Foley, who was almost certainly the daughter who stayed behind while her siblings all emigrated was listed as present as his death.

Pierse Flahavan Death Record, Tramore, County Waterford

Sources:

Mary Flavin, 1900 Census: Year: 1900; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: 648; Page: 16B; Enumeration District: 0480; FHL microfilm: 1240648, 1900 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2004, Provo, UT.
Philip Flahavan, Catherine Flahavan, Margaret Flahavan Marriage Records:
Massachusetts, Marriage Records, 1840-1915, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013, Provo, UT.
Michael Flahavan Birth Record:
“Ireland Births and Baptisms, 1620-1881,”
database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F52L-NJR : accessed 10 October 2015), Pierse Flahavan in entry for Michael Flahavan, 24 Sep 1864; citing 0876, Tramore, Waterford, Ireland.
Philip J Flahavan Ship Passenger Record: Year: 1880; Arrival: New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: M237, 1820-1897; Microfilm Roll: Roll 426; Line: 18; List Number: 591, New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010, Provo, UT. Michael Flavin Census:
Year: 1910; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: T624_588; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 0501; FHL microfilm: 1374601, 1910 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006, Provo, UT.
Margaret Finn Census:
Year: 1910; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: T624_588; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 0501; FHL microfilm: 1374601, 1910 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006, Provo, UT.

Pierce Flavan, 1901 Census: National Archives of Ireland, http://www.findmypast.com.
Catherine Flavin Campell and Mary Murray Flahavan Death Records:
Massachusetts, Death Records, 1841-1915, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013, Provo, UT.
Mary Flavin, 1900 Census: Year: 1900; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: 648; Page: 16B; Enumeration District: 0480; FHL microfilm: 1240648, 1900 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2004, Provo, UT, USA.
Philip Flahavan 1900 Census:
Year: 1900; Census Place: Concord, Middlesex, Massachusetts; Roll: 658; Page: 2A; Enumeration District: 0736; FHL microfilm: 1240658, 1900 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004, Provo, UT.

 

 

Pierse & Mary Flahavan, Quintessential 19th Century Irish Peasants — Part I

Pierse Flahavan, a client’s great-great-grandfather, was born in about 1826 in the tiny “townland” of Carrickavarahane, located in the Civil Parish of Reisk, County Waterford, Ireland. The townland is about three miles northwest of the center of Tramore, on the southeastern coast of Ireland. Tramore at the time of Pierse’s birth was a small, sleepy fishing village. Pierse’s father’s name was Philip, and his mother’s name was Catherine Power. Pierse had at least three siblings, Maurice (probably born before 1829),  Jacob (born in 1829), and Ellen or Eleanor (born in 1832). Early records note their name as “Flavahan”, which morphed into “Flahavan” in the late 1850s, and then the name changed again to Flavin (both in Ireland and America) a little before the turn of the 20th century.

Baptismal Record, in Latin, of “Jacobum” (Pierse’s brother), son of “”Philipi Flavahan & Cath. Power”

Baptismal Record of “Ellonoram” (Pierse’s sister), daughter of “Philipi Flavahan & Cath. Power”

 

The Flahavan family was Catholic, like the vast majority of families living in County Waterford. They would have walked to a local church in Carrickavarahane or another nearby community to attend mass at least once a week.

Note plot 9, Philip Flavahan, Griffith’s Valuation, 1853, for Carrickavarahan (used with permission, http://www.askaboutireland.ie)

Griffith’s Valuation map, 1853, Philip Flavahan leased plot #9 (used with permission, http://www.askaboutireland.ie).

Records from 1853 (Griffith’s Valuation), right after the Irish Potato Famine, indicate that Pierse’s father Philip leased 24 acres. Like most of his neighbors, he would have been considered a small farmer. We also know from later court records that he grew cabbage and barley, and it was likely that he grew potatoes and other vegetables as well.

Reports written in the mid- to late 1830’s (less than a decade before the Great Famine) describe in detail some of the counties of Ireland. Unfortunately, County Waterford is not included. However, the reports are instructive in their descriptions of the peasant population. A typical description in one of the reports describes the “Habits of the People” as follows: “Their habits are bad, being very much addicted to whiskey and party fights. Their houses are of limestone but very little of it is expended in white-washing the cabins either inside or out. The cow, horse or ass lives in the same room with the family, and dirt and filth are the common characteristics of  their dwellings. In this state of things, some drag out existence for 100 or more years. They do not marry very early.” While these words were written by an Englishman, and it is clear that the English had nothing but contempt for their Irish subjects, the words are likely an accurate description of peasant life.

And these words were written prior to the Famine (1845 – 1852). One can only imagine the suffering that a typical Irish peasant would have endured during that crisis. Pierse’s family, one could easily speculate, probably lost at least one member, possibly more, during the Famine, due to starvation or disease. While Pierse obviously survived, the crisis would have certainly had a profound impact on him, occurring during his young adulthood when he was roughly 19 – 26.

Marriages were often delayed during the Famine, when people were concentrating on mere survival. And Pierse’s marriage may have been delayed. He got married at the age of 29 in 1855. His wife, my client’s great-great-grandmother, was named Mary Murray. She was 19 at the time of their marriage and her family lived about two miles away in the neighboring “townland” of Munmahoge. Her father’s name was also Pierce, oddly, since it is not a common name. He was also a small farmer, leasing about 13 acres in 1853.

After Pierse and Mary’s marriage, it is clear from court records that they then lived in Munmahoge, likely in the house or at least on the property initially leased by Mary’s father, Pierce Murray.

Pierse and Mary Flahavan were the parents of five children:

Philip J (my client’s great-grandfather), born Jan 1858, emigrated to Massachusetts in 1880;

Catherine, born 1863, emigrated to Massachusetts between 1880 and 1885;

Michael J, born 1864, emigrated to Massachusetts about 1885;

Margaret M, born 1866, emigrated to Massachusetts about 1886;

And probably a daughter named Mary, birth year unknown but before 1864, stayed behind in Ireland.

It is clear that life for the Flahavan family in Carrickavarahane and Munmahogue was not easy. Court records indicate that both father Philip and son Pierse, as well as other members of the extended Flahavan clan, had many disputes with neighbors and other members of the community, and they were also likely well-known to the local authorities. Records of the Petty Session Courts in Tramore reveal a total of 13 disputes and citations involving father Philip and son Pierse over the years, for everything from “allowing 15 geese to trespass on neighbor’s property” for which Philip was ordered to pay 2 shillings, 6 pence, plus 1 shilling court costs, to a citation against Pierse for having an unlicensed dog, to a citation against Pierse for “appearing drunk in public at Tramore,” for which Pierse was ordered to pay 2 shillings, 6 pence, plus 1 shilling court costs.

 

 

 

A typical Petty Sessions Court record from 1883 where Pierse, the defendant, was sued for allowing two goats and one ass to trespass on a neighbor’s property and ordered to pay 6 pence, plus 1 shilling court costs

The Petty Sessions were the lowest courts in 19th century Ireland. They handled both criminal and civil matters, many extremely petty in nature. The court rooms were crowded, loud and hot, drawing criticism from many, including the legal professionals handling the cases. Magistrates were usually from the Protestant landowning class (from http://www.findmypast.com).

To be continued . . .

Sources: Baptismal Records of Jacobum Flavahan and Ellonoram Flavahan:
Catholic Parish Registers, The National Library of Ireland; Dublin, Ireland; Microfilm Number: Microfilm 02448 / 03; Ireland, Catholic Parish Registers, 1655-1915; Ancestry.com; Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; 2016; Provo, UT.
Griffith’s Valuation, Townland of Carrickavarahane, Parish of Reisk, County Waterford, Ireland, http://www.askaboutireland.ie.
Griffith’s Valuation, Townland of Munmahoge, Parish of Kilburne, County Waterford, Ireland, http://www.askaboutireland.ie.
Ordinance Survey, Memoirs of Ireland: Counties of South Ulster 1834-8, Vol 40; Edited by Angelique Day and Patrick McWilliams; The Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast; 1998; Reprinted by Ulster Historical Foundation, 2006, pg. 53.
A Brief History of Ireland: Land, People, History; Richard Killeen; Running Press; Philadelphia, PA; 2012.
Mary Flavin, 1900 Census: Year: 1900; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: 648; Page: 16B; Enumeration District: 0480; FHL microfilm: 1240648, 1900 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2004, Provo, UT.
Philip Flahavan, Catherine Flahavan, Margaret Flahavan Marriage Records:
Massachusetts, Marriage Records, 1840-1915, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013, Provo, UT.
Michael Flahavan Birth Record:
“Ireland Births and Baptisms, 1620-1881,”
database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F52L-NJR : accessed 10 October 2015), Pierse Flahavan in entry for Michael Flahavan, 24 Sep 1864; citing 0876, Tramore, Waterford, Ireland.
Philip J Flahavan Ship Passenger Record: Year: 1880; Arrival: New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: M237, 1820-1897; Microfilm Roll: Roll 426; Line: 18; List Number: 591, New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010, Provo, UT. Michael Flavin Census:
Year: 1910; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: T624_588; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 0501; FHL microfilm: 1374601, 1910 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006, Provo, UT.
Margaret Finn Census:
Year: 1910; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: T624_588; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 0501; FHL microfilm: 1374601, 1910 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006, Provo, UT.
All Irish Petty Sessions Registers records from http://www.findmypast.com.
Pierce Flavan, 1901 Census: National Archives of Ireland, http://www.findmypast.com.
Catherine Flavin Campell and Mary Murray Flahavan Death Records:
Massachusetts, Death Records, 1841-1915, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013, Provo, UT.
Mary Flavin, 1900 Census: Year: 1900; Census Place: Greenfield, Franklin, Massachusetts; Roll: 648; Page: 16B; Enumeration District: 0480; FHL microfilm: 1240648, 1900 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2004, Provo, UT, USA.
Philip Flahavan 1900 Census:
Year: 1900; Census Place: Concord, Middlesex, Massachusetts; Roll: 658; Page: 2A; Enumeration District: 0736; FHL microfilm: 1240658, 1900 United States Federal Census, Ancestry.com, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004, Provo, UT.